Rodney, L. W., Crafter, B., Rodney, H. E., & Mupier, R. M. (1999). Variables Contributing to Grade Retention Among African American Adolescent Males. The Journal of Educational Research, 92(3), 185-190. Variables contributing to grade retention among 243 African American 13—17-year-old boys were investigated. The instrument administered was the Children’s Structured Assessment for… Continue Reading Variables Contributing to Grade Retention Among African American Adolescent Males