Graham, M., & Robinson, G. (2004). “the silent catastrophe”: Institutional racism in the british education system and the underachievement of black boys. Journal of Black Studies, 34(5), 653-671. This article explores the recent increase in permanent exclusions of Black boys in the British educational system. Parents and educators have long… Continue Reading “The Silent Catastrophe” Institutional Racism in the British Educational System and the Underachievement of Black Boys